RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

(1)   The olfactory epithelium has: (a) columnar pseudostratified epithelium   (b)  columnar stratified epithelium (c) bipolar neurons   (d) neuroglia   (e) pigment

(2)    The lamina propria of the olfactory mucosa contains: (a) tubuloalveolar glands  (b) mucus-secreting glands  (c) bundles of nerve fibers of the central nervous system   (d) rich vascularization   (e) peripheral nerves with endoneurium

(3)   Functions of respiratory epithelium include:  (a) gaseous exchange  (b) trapping of dust particles  (c) secretion of mucus   (d) secretion of surfactant   (e) neuroendocrine secretion

(4)    The respiratory epithelium of the conducting portion of the respiratory tract has: (a) stratified squamous epithelium  (b) pseudostratified columnar epithelium  (c) ciliated cells   (d) goblet cells   (e) a "brush border"

(5)   The true vocal cords are structures: (a) composed of bundles of elastic fibers  (b) containing fibrocartilage  (c)  lined with stratified squamous epithelium  (d) associated with skeletal muscle   (e) containing mixed exocrine glands

(6)   The epiglottis has: (a) hyaline cartilage  (b) fibrocartilage  (c) elastic cartilage   (d) stratified squamous epithelium   (e) exocrine glands in the lamina propria

(7)   The trachea possesses: (a) hyaline cartilage  (b) elastic cartilage  (c) fibrocartilage   (d) smooth muscle   (e) skeletal muscle

(8)   The trachea has: (a) stratified columnar epithelium  (b) pseudostratified columnar epithelium  (c) abundant goblet cells   (d) mucous glands that open into the lumen   (e) longitudinal smooth muscle bundles

(9)   Which of the following structures belong to the conducting portion of the respiratory system? (a) nasopharynx  (b) larynx  (c) trachea   (d) bronchi   (e) terminal bronchioles

(10)  Gaseous exchange occurs in the: (a) primary bronchi  (b) secondary bronchi  (c) terminal bronchioles   (d) respiratory bronchioles   (e) alveolar sacs

(11)  Terminal bronchioles: (a) have smaller diameters than respiratory bronchioles  (b) contain secretory cells  (c) possess cartilage in their walls   (d) have alveoli   (e) have ciliated cells

(12)  Alveolar ducts are: (a) continuous with the terminal bronchioles  (b) continuous with the respiratory bronchioles  (c)  lined with ciliated epithelium  (d)  possess goblet cells  (e) primarily involved in gaseous exchange with the blood

(13)           The type I alveolar cells: (a)  are squamous epithelial cells (b) are rounded or cuboid in shape  (c) have abundant microvilli on their surface   (d) secrete surfactant   (e) are involved in gaseous exchange with the blood

(14)           Respiratory surfactant: (a) is secreted by type II (great alveolar) cells  (b) increases surface tension of alveoli  (c) decreases surface tension of alveoli   (d)  essential for correct respiratory function  (e) mainly a phospholipid

(15)           The alveolar dust cells: (a) are phagocytic  (b) secrete surfactant  (c)  produce antibodies  (d) are motile cells   (e) develop from monocytes

URINARY SYSTEM

(16)                       Nephrons are: (a) the basic morphofunctional units of the kidney  (b)  found only in the renal cortex (c)  found only in the renal medulla  (d) found in both the renal cortex and medulla   (e) composed mainly of ion-transporting epithelia

(17)                       The cells of the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule of the renal corpuscle: (a) are very flattened  (b) form the podocytes  (c) are very active in ion-exchange   (d) form part of the filter of the kidney   (e) lie on a basal lamina

(18)                       In renal corpuscles are found: (a) fenestrated capillaries  (b) continuous capillaries  (c) podocytes   (d)  slit-membranes  (e) mesangial cells

(19)                       Medullary rays of the kidney are: (a) mainly in the cortex  (b) mainly in the medulla  (c)  present at the apex of pyramids  (d)  mainly composed of connective tissue  (e) the site of loops of Henle

(20)                       The macula densa is: (a)  part of the proximal convoluted tubules (b) part of the distal convoluted tubules  (c)  associated with the vascular pole of the glomeruli  (d) composed of dense connective tissue   (e) part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus

(21)                       The cells that produce renin are in the: (a) macula densa  (b) proximal convoluted tubule  (c)  distal convoluted tubule  (d) glomerulus   (e) afferent arteriole

(22)                       Podocytes are: (a)  modified endothelial cells (b) found in glomeruli  (c)  part of the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule  (d) epithelial cells   (e) the source of renin

(23)                       Cells of the proximal convoluted tubules possess numerous: (a) microvilli (forming an apical brush border)  (b) infoldings of the basal plasmalemma  (c) peroxisomes   (d) mitochondria   (e) lysosomes

(24)                       The ureter has: (a) smooth muscle  (b)  striated muscle (c)  transitional epithelium  (d)  a distinct submucosa  (e) a fibroelastic adventitia

(25)                    The urinary bladder has: (a) transitional epithelium  (b) stratified squamous epithelium  (c)  striated muscle  (d) fibroelastic adventitia   (e) exocrine glands.

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