Objectives of the Lectures on Monday the 4th and Tuesday the 5th of April 2011.
..............................................................
At the end of the two lectures, the student should be able to:
· Calculate the value of osmotic pressure
· Describe and differentiates between voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels.
· Cite and example of mechanically-gated ion channels.
· Discuss the significance of ion channels.
· Differentiate between diffusion and Equilibrium Potentials.
· Use Nernst Equation to calculate the value of equilibrium potentials for Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Cl- ions for a nerve and muscle cell membranes.
· Discuss the meaning of Resting membrane Potential.
· Describe the ionic basis of resting membrane Potential
· Explain the origin and generation of the resting membrane Potential
· Sketch the graphical representation of an Action Potentials.
· Understand the conductions to sodium and potassium ions in the course of action potential.
· Discuss the generation of the action potential.
· Explain the origin of repolarization of the action potential.
· Describe the reason of hyperpolarization or the undershoot of the action potential.
· Discuss the refractory periods.
· Differentiate between absolute and relative refractory periods.
· Discuss the propagation of the action potentials
· Describe the series of events happening in synaptic transmission.
· Precise the difference between a general synapse and a neuromuscular junction.
· List the different types of synapses.
· Draw graphs of EPSP and IPSP
· Differentiate between spatial and temporal summations.
· List and give the functions of at least 5 neurotransmitters.
· Describe the structure of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle.
· Differentiate between different types of troponins
· Present the steps of excitation contraction coupling in smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles.
· Present the energy sources for muscle metabolism
- ...................................................................................