Revision Questions in A&P

This chapter presents an overview of the muscular system. Included in Chapter 7 is a discussion of the structure and function of skeletal muscle tissue, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle; the origins, insertions, and actions of skeletal muscle; and how this system responds to injuries and the effects of aging.

There are three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. The functions of skeletal muscle are:

• provide skeletal movement

• maintain posture and body position

• support soft tissues

• guard entrances and exits

• maintain body temperature

Review of Chapter Objectives :

1. Describe the properties and functions of muscle tissue.

2. Describe the organization of muscle at the tissue level.

3. Identify the structural components of a sarcomere.

4. Explain the key steps involved in the contraction of a skeletal muscle fiber.

5. Compare the different types of muscle contractions.

6. Describe the mechanisms by which muscles obtain and use energy to power contractions.

7. Relate types of muscle fibers to muscular performance.

8. Distinguish between aerobic and anaerobic endurance and explain their implications for muscular performance.

9. Contrast skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles in terms of structure and function.

10. Identify the principal axial muscles of the body together with their origins and insertions.

11. Identify the principal appendicular muscles of the body, together with their origins and insertions.

The Nervous System 
Objectives

Chapter 8 begins the study of the nervous system. The nervous system accounts for a very small portion of the body’s total weight, yet it is so very important in the regulation of the body as well as to those complex functions that differentiate man from the other forms of animals and plants. The nervous system relates to the system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli.

This chapter begins with an introduction of the nervous system, continues with an overview of neurophysiology and anatomy of the nervous system, and concludes with a discussion of the spinal cord and the brain.

Review of Chapter Objectives 

1. Describe the anatomical organization and general functions of the nervous system.

2. Distinguish between neurons and neuroglia and compare their structures and functions.

3. Discuss the events that generate action potentials in the membranes of nerve cells.

4. Distinguish between continuous and saltatory nerve impulse conduction.

5. Explain the mechanism of nerve impulse transmission at the synapse.

6. Describe the process of a neural reflex.

7. Describe the three meningeal layers that surround the central nervous system.

8. Discuss the structure and functions of the spinal cord.

9. Name the major regions of the brain and describe their functions.

10. Locate the motor, sensory, and association areas of the cerebral cortex and discuss their functions.

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